Electronics Gadget

25Oct/090

rechargable batteries

Many people when buying rechargeable batteries, a look at the capacity, or look the brand. However, to know that buying a good performance of the rechargeable battery is also a great Laptop batteries school of learning.

Knowledge

Batteries can be divided into two categories, one category is "one cell", and the other is "secondary battery." "One cell" As the name suggests is the use of no value once the battery, "secondary battery" simply means that rechargeable batteries, can charge for further use.

"One cell" includes alkaline batteries, Meng zinc batteries, such as Chongqing, a train of gold on the market batteries are alkaline batteries. Disposable batteries are cheap, easy to use, and alternative brand names. However, its disadvantages are also more lethal, first of all can not be recycled, one-time investment was low, but the cumulative use of the high cost. Another disposable battery arbitrarily discarded after use, then, will cause environmental pollution. At present, many countries have adopted a management "a cell" of the relevant laws and regulations. I personally feel that a "one cell" is not much to purchase necessary.

"Secondary battery" includes the type of respect very much on the market are more common nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries. Nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries are the same appearance, and is divided into AA and AAA. The same as the rechargeable battery. But their works are not the same, nickel-cadmium batteries are extremely nickel oxide, the negative is extremely spongy metal cadmium, mostly electrolyte, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide alkaline solution. Ni-Cd battery compact, rugged, shock, vibration, the battery self-discharge is small, suitable for the use of high-current discharge. It is characterized by long cycle life, in theory, there are 2000-4000 times cycle life.

Nickel-metal hydride batteries are low-voltage nickel-metal hydride batteries, to Ni (OH) 2 as the cathode to hydrogen storage alloy as negative electrode, potassium hydroxide IBM ThinkPad T43 battery，IBM ThinkPad T60 battery，IBM FRU 92P1141 batteryalkaline aqueous solution as electrolyte. Ni-MH battery than the energy density (that is, an equal volume of batteries, Ni-MH batteries have greater capacity than the nickel-cadmium batteries), in theory, Ni-MH battery is the energy density of nickel-cadmium batteries 1.5-2 times; there is Ni-MH battery is good environmentally friendly, Ni-MH batteries do not use metal cadmium, or use of toxic substances, does not pollute the environment; there are Ni-MH battery has largely eliminated the "memory effect." That the memory effect and battery capacity of the increasingly high demand in the civilian grade nickel-metal hydride batteries are already replaced the nickel-cadmium batteries.

Lithium batteries can be understood as digital products, special batteries, its shape according to the design of digital products can be arbitrarily changed, lithium batteries almost no memory effect, and use a long time. However, lithium batteries are expensive, and between the different specifications of the lithium batteries can not be generic.

Optional items

In the rechargeable batteries are printed on the surface of a similar mark, indicating this product is what type of battery. NI-MH says that nickel-metal hydride batteries, is actually very simple, NI is the chemical letters Nickel, NH, said hydrogen. By the same token NI-Cd is expressed as a nickel-cadmium batteries.

Battery rated capacity refers to a certain discharge conditions, the battery discharge to the release of electricity cut-off voltage. No. 7 currently on the market capacity of the battery 400mAh-900 mAh mostly between the 5 batteries from 1000 mAh-2500 mAh range. Of course, in a sense, the capacity is of course theIBM ThinkPad R32 battery， IBM ThinkPad R40 battery， IBM ThinkPad X60 battery  bigger the better, because of large capacity means longer battery life.

Marketed in some of the work packages battery capacity is also very high, but I do not recommend to buy. Because the battery in the factory hours in order to A, B, C 3, B, C-class product is mainly the product capacity, most of these products is that the battery pack work available in the market. Also noteworthy is that among the different capacities of batteries do not mix. For example, three 2300 mAh of the batteries 1300 mAh battery, which emit an effective current of only 1300 mAh, from the physics can be very simple to understand this point.

Also, when buying batteries may wish to consider under the Sanyo, Panasonic and other major brands and other products made in China is also a good source of Qi. Other unknown product is best not to buy, while the purchase rechargeable batteries, they can weigh about weight. Generally heavier weight, the better its quality. Here I teach you a trick Identification of true and false Sanyo batteries, Sanyo battery cathode is not completely round, but a little bit of a square, while Haier, Sanyo batteries agent the highest only at 1850mAh.

The rechargeable batteries are generally marked on the standard charge time and quick charge time, charging the speed with charger related.

Slow charge generally use constant current charging mode, and the battery is full and automatically converted to trickle charge state. Has the advantage of slow charge circuit design is simple and easy to implement, prices are also lower; As a result of low current constant current charging, effectively reducing the battery charging process in the heat, to extend the battery life is very good. Drawback is the charging time is too long, especially in the case of large quantity of batteries a bit powerless.

Fast charge is generally using a large pulse current charging, but because of high current battery charging process will generate polarized responses, leading to the rapid increase in battery temperature, full power on after resume a likely explosion and combustion, so fast charge also uses a special chip to control the charging process, automatically stop charging once filled so that the whole process of charging has become safe and efficient.

In the end is a standard charger or optional fast charger that can be purchased according to the needs of users. Here to remind consumers to purchase brand-name products charger must be, and if I get quick charger, be sure to understand whether the automatic power-off function.

Battery Maintenance

The use of rechargeable battery users. Bought back the battery power is low in general, the first charge must be adequate. Ni-MH battery charging time are generally more than 16 hours. To achieve best results, generally more than 3 times repeated charge-discharge can. In addition, the battery in use after three rounds, the best place to find the opportunity to make a further charge fully recharge, so as not there is residual power in the battery when the repeated charge, or will shorten battery life.

In addition, in order to avoid the loss of electricity, use nickel-metal hydride battery user, remove the battery charge after the power end, do not let the battery positive and negative IBM 40Y6799 battery， 40Y6795poles at the same time contact with conductors. And not to frequent deep discharge of the battery, as this will affect the battery's chemical properties. And do not mix old and new batteries.

23Oct/090

the reaserch and developemnt of U.S. micro fuel battery

Recently, scientists have to demonstrate the size of a coin micro "fuel cell." The battery using the decay of radioactive elements in the same position to generate energy.
The researchers introduced the decay of radioactive substances, it will release of charged particles, if these particles can be collected, will be able to generate electricity. In fact, because the nuclear Dell Latitude D410 battery， Dell Latitude D500 batterybattery energy storage quite rich (its content is the general standard battery charge of 1 million times), a long time ago had been in military and aerospace fields to be applied, but these nuclear batteries than the block header to show nuclear battery. University of Missouri research team invented the这枚pocket-sized fuel cell.
The reason why the university's development of micro fuel cell is aimed at reducing the size of electronic devices inside the power supply, making it more suitable for small devices (such as micro-electromechanical systems or nano-electromechanical systems), because such equipment itself is small enough, there must be a smaller power supply matched. Therefore, the development of micro-power and development of micro-motor itself is just as important.
For a lot of equipment, fuel cells are quite attractive, because radioactive isotopes can provide them with a powerful stream of electricity, and they are extremely durable, the use of deadlines are generally up to several hundred years or even longer. Thus, in space exploration, fuel cells have become the ideal choice. However, in the earth, because the volume is too large, yet they could be a fuel cell the ability to full play.
University of Missouri research team set out from the right of 10000 (Jae Wan Kwon), led by Professor. The course of their study using a liquid semiconductor to capture and use the decay of charged particles. In contrast, most of the available fuel cells are used in solid-state semiconductors. The latter disadvantage is that the energy contained in the charge decay is extremely rich, solid-state semiconductors over time will have some damage. This means that if you want to create the same battery life with the radioisotope, it must be placed in the battery as much as possible within the solid-state semiconductors. As a result, the greater the volume of the battery.
The rights are set, Professor reason they use liquidDell Latitude D600 battery， Dell Latitude D610 battery semiconductors, because the high-energy electric charge through the liquid semiconductors will not cause harm to it, so can greatly save the semiconductor space occupied. Currently, researchers are working to further the battery a "mini-oriented."
In order to dispel people's concerns about the safety of nuclear fuel, the researchers explained that although the success of the entire battery depends on whether the use of radioactive substances, but in normal working conditions, use is completely safe. Of the right says: "Most people are scared at the mention of nuclear talks, and believe that anyone associated with the nuclear stuff would be very dangerous. But we must not overlook the fact that many devices have been safe and successful application of nuclear energy, such as pacemakers, space satellites, underwater operating system. "
22Oct/090

High cost of solar batteries

"Solar PV power has gradually shifted from a particular area as an important complement to conventional energy sources, and to spread in the form of access to electricity market. hp Pavilion dv4000 battery ， hp Pavilion ZE2000 batteryIn the foreseeable future, photovoltaic power generation is bound to partially replace conventional energy." October 16 day, well-known experts in the field of solar cells, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Professor Zhang Gong MBA by the club-sponsored venture capital and innovation in green energy green industry forum said that in recent years, the world's production of photovoltaic cells, as well as components of more than 30 per year % of the rate of growth, and the main force of future growth will be China.
He pointed out that, why do our own production of solar panels they can be exempt, while almost all the export? The reason is that the price of solar cells is too high.
In the August 26 meeting of the State Council executive meeting on wind power and poly-silicon and other burgeoning industries considered to be "a duplication of the building tendencies."
"The current photovoltaic industry, the mainstream battery products polysilicon cells, but the cost is too high." Zhang Gong that, in order to solve the solar photovoltaic industry, the problem of excessively high costs, and finding ways to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs, then the thin-film technology has become the only way for the development of solar hp OmniBook XE3 battery ， hp Pavilion dv8000 battery cells, on behalf of the future direction of development is also thin-film solar cells, but also requires high efficiency and low cost.
China Energy Network's chief information officer HAN Xiao-ping October 20 In an interview with China Economic Times reporters, said the name suggests is a thin-film solar cells will be prepared into a layer of thin-film solar cells, which use little or no silicon content easier to reduce costs, At the same time it is both an efficient energy products, but also a new type of building material, more easily and building the perfect combination. Silicon raw materials in the international market against the backdrop of continued tension, thin film solar cell has become the international PV market development, new trends and hot spots.
Although the thin-film solar cells have already appeared, but because of photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, attenuation rate (light-induced rate of decline) was higher and so on, in previous years did not attract enough attention to the industry, market share is very low. With the continuous advancement of technology, photoelectric conversion efficiency is rapidly increasing, now more than two years ago was improved by approximately 30% -40%, while still in comparison with crystalline silicon cells is still a big gap, but the use of materials less simple technology, low energy consumption, the cost has certain advantages and is increasingly being accepted by the industry. Therefore, thin-film solar cell industry in recent years been rapid development.
Zhang Gong believes that realization of thin-film solar cell technology, we could greatly save the expensive semiconductor material at the same time, due to preparation of thin-film battery materials and battery at the same time to form, thus saving a HSTNN-LB31 battery ， hp Pavilion dv4 batterylot of processes. In addition, the thin-film solar cells using low-temperature technology, not only conducive to saving energy, but also facilitate the adoption of low-cost substrates (glass, stainless steel, etc.).
"Thin-film solar cells use a very wide range of development speed very quickly and it can be achieved with the construction of integration, for example, use it as the building of glass, into the architecture." HAN Xiao-ping told the China Economic Times journalists, film The greatest benefit is that it the battery is not necessarily direct sunlight, even without the sun, when it can also generate electricity, although there is no sun, when it is the power generation efficiency is relatively low, but it can still generate electricity.
HAN Xiao-ping said that thin-film solar cells can also be made of vegetable greenhouses directly to the glass, made of glass that sheds only a small amount of red and orange light through, they can promote the growth of plant chlorophyll, not occupied land, and it to generate electricity.
Investment Advisor in the middle of this year released a report: in 2007 the global solar cell production reached 3436MW, compared with 2006, an increase of 56% market share of Chinese manufacturers in 2007 from 2006 of 20% to 35%, while the Japanese firms market share of 39% from 2006, slipped to 26% market share of Japanese companies fell apart by the upper reaches of silicon material supplies tight and the Japanese domestic market in PV systems installed capacity factors fall in addition to the layout of the Japanese manufacturers have already started under the generation of thin-film solar cell development does have a significant relationship.
Thin-film solar cell production in 2007 continued to exceed the overall industry growth rate in 2007, thin-film solar cell production reached 400MW, over 181MW significantly in 2006, an increase of 120% in 2007 from the thin-film solar cell market share of 8.2% increase in 2006, to 2007 to 12%, while the 2008 has reached 15% -20%. Thin-film solar cell conversion efficiency, as well as to further enhance the cost advantage of large-scale production of play, after its  hp Pavilion dv6 batterymarket share further room for improvement.
Accordingly, following the solar components of heat, hot after the polysilicon thin film photovoltaic cells has become the new investment hot spot areas.
Compared with the crystalline silicon cells, thin film cells is much greater potential for cost reduction, mainly due to rapid technological advances in thin-film batteries. Thin-film solar capacity to the next may reach 20% of the entire solar energy industry, while in 2007 only 7.6%. Thin-film solar energy should be done to improve performance indicators, there are many physical methods, such as ion beam deposition of nano-crystalline silicon film of this process, if the domestic enterprises in these methods can be improved, will be very promising.
According to market research firm released DisplaySearch8 11 solar cell production capacity Trends Report, 2009 thin-film solar cell production capacity of approximately 3.58 million kilowatts. Thin-film solar cells in 2005 the total solar cell production capacity of about 5% by 2009 is expected to exceed 20%.
However, HAN Xiao-ping China's economic Times reporter also expressed their own concerns. He told our reporter, thin-film solar cell manufacturing process, will produce a lot of harmful gas, which is easier than conventional gas carbon dioxide increase in Earth's greenhouse effect, the effect of carbon dioxide may be hundreds of times or even thousands of times.
"In the current situation in China, our conductive glass production capacity is also weak, needs to import large quantities, so the production costs of thin film solar cells will also be subject to a certain extent." But HAN Xiao-ping that, in general, thin-film solar cells is also a directional technology, because it combines perfectly with the building, the resources consumed by the relatively fewer, its cost of production decline there is still much room for.
Zhang Gong also pointed out that there is not yet large-scale thin-film battery production lines, and foreign third-generation solar cell (copper indium gallium selenide CIGS cell) production company does not export technology. He is expected in 2-3 years, China will appear in large-scale production of CIGS. CIGS cells after the increase rate in China will soon, but also motivate the PV market.
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